In order for lactose to work effectively, it first has to be broken down into two simpler sugars - glucose and galactose. Once lactose has been broken down, it can pass from the gut into the bloodstream.
Lactose is found in the milk of mammals, and it is also added to many foods including cream, chocolate, cakes and peanut butter.
Lactose Intolerance
Lactose intolerance is the inability of the body to breakdown lactose. The problem is usually caused by a lack of a substance known as lactase. Lactase is an enzyme (a protein that causes a chemical reaction to occur) that is normally produced in the small intestine. The lactase breaks down lactose into the sugars, glucose and galactose.
If the body produces very little, or no, lactase, it will be unable to break down the lactose in the system. The unabsorbed lactose passes through the stomach and into the large bowel. Bacteria in the large bowel ferment (react to) the lactose, producing fatty acids, such as acetate, and gases, such as hydrogen and methane. This can cause symptoms such as stomach bloating and flatulence (wind).
Reaching an Accurate Diagnosis For Lactose Intolerance
Lactose tolerance test
In a lactose tolerance test, a drink of lactose solution followed by a blood sugar test is standard. If the lactose is not completely broken down, the blood sugar levels will either rise slowly, or not at all. This is because the body is unable to break down the lactose into sugar.
Breath hydrogen test
The concentration of hydrogen (measured in parts per million) in the breath is measured using a breath test. If the breath contains a large amount of hydrogen (more than 20 parts per million above the baseline) lactose intolerance is likely.
Small bowel biopsy
In a small bowel biopsy, a sample of the small intestinal lining is taken using an endoscopy (an instrument with a narrow flexible telescope attached). The amount of lactase is then measured. If the sample only contains a small amount of lactase, lactose intolerance is likely.
Ways to Alleviate Lactose Intolerance
Lactase enzyme in liquid form (usually as drops) can be taken before a meal or added to milk. This can be very effective in helping the digestive system to digest the lactose in the meal. Both lactase enzyme drops and capsules are available from most health foods shops.
When buying food products, check the labels for the nutritional information. See the prevention section for a list of common foods that may contain lactose.
There are other ways to can stock up on calcium, such as including the following food into the diet:
- Broccoli
- Soya milk
- horseradish
- Watercress
- Red kidney beans
- Soya beans
- Cabbage, peas, celery and parsnips
- Fish containing edible bones, for example sardines.
Always consult a GP to establish the causes of symptoms and reach an accurate diagnosis.
Source:
Lactose Intolerance Support site
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